Characterization of boundary roughness of two cube grains in partly recrystallized copper

Protrusions and retrusions typically form on recrystallizing boundaries and thus the boundaries often appear rough. Characterization of the boundary roughness is necessary in order to evaluate the effects of protrusions and retrusions on boundary migration. In the current work, a variable termed area integral invariant is employed to provide quantitative information of individual protrusions/retrusions on boundaries surrounding two selected recrystallizing grains in partly recrystallized copper as well as of the overall roughness of the boundaries.